The journal maintains a strict policy that explicitly prohibits all forms of plagiarism. Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to, the use of another author's words, ideas, data, images, or other intellectual property presented as one's own without proper attribution. This applies to both published and unpublished materials.

All submitted manuscripts undergo plagiarism screening with reputable similarity-detection software prior to the peer review procedure. Manuscripts exhibiting significant similarity, including self-plagiarism, may be returned to the authors for revision, outrightly rejected, or undergo further investigation at the discretion of the editorial team.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that their work is entirely original and properly cited. When incorporating material from external sources, authors are obligated to provide comprehensive and accurate attribution and, when applicable, obtain permission for the reproduced content.

In cases where plagiarism is confirmed after publication, the journal reserves the right to retract the article, issue corrections or notices of concern, and notify the authors’ affiliated institutions or funding agencies as deemed appropriate.

The journal is committed to upholding the utmost standards of research integrity and expects all contributors to adhere to ethical publishing practices.